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Aristotle's belief that medicine consisted of four parts:
Science of healthy living, including nutrition and exercise
Science of the human constitution
Science of the emotions
Science of the art of medicine, including theory and practice
Greek doctors were not only physicians, they were also philosophers, artists and writers. Greek medicine was so widespread and advanced that it was considered one of the four pillars of culture, along with the arts, philosophy and literature. Medical care in ancient Greece was looked upon as a form of "ethical" medicine, in the sense of having to do with ethics and virtue. For example, Hippocrates is often called the father of medicine, because his opinions on ethical, social, economic, and political matters held true for many centuries.
Hippocrates, circa 400 BC
The Hippocratic Oath - still today, taken by physicians around the world - is based on the writings of Hippocrates. However, it was not until the Renaissance that the work of Hippocrates was rediscovered. With the discovery and study of Greek and Roman medicine, and with the research of Hippocrates himself, new medicines and treatments were discovered. This era also brought about the development of the birth control pill and the establishment of the medical study of anatomy and physiology.
Medicine in ancient Rome
In ancient Rome, medicine was also practiced as an art and science. The ancient Romans had a complete system of medicine, and a great many were also physicians. This was most common in the army and Navy, and it also included the wealthy and the poor. Ancient Roman medicine included:
medical education
acupuncture
bloodletting
homeopathy
anesthesia
lobotomy
sleep medicine
psychotherapy
psychopharmacology
surgical skills
dietary supplements
medical research
A medical college was founded in Rome in the 1st century BC. A great many of the ancient Romans were physicians.
The rise of Christianity
From the 2nd century AD, Christianity began to influence the development of medicine in the Western World. The 2nd century was when the first medical schools in Europe were established. Medical education was established in France in 1313, and Europe had several medical schools by the late 13th century. In the 14th century, another huge wave of medical education and research began, due to the creation of universities and universities hospitals.
The Renaissance
The
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